In July 1997, Congress directed the Northwest Power Planning Council (Council) to review federally funded fish hatchery programs in the Columbia River basin, with the assistance of the Independent Scientific Advisory Board (ISAB) and the cooperation of the National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS), the States, and the tribes. The purpose of the review, submitted to Congress in November 1999, was to provide a coordinated set of policies for hatchery operations within the Columbia River basin and recommendations for implementing the policy.